E
Jump to navigation
Jump to search
Etymological Legend | |
Ch | Chinese |
---|---|
CT | Common Turkic |
Kh | Khalkha Mongolian |
Khak | Khakas |
LM | Literary Mongolian |
LT | Literary Tibetan |
NE | Northeastern Turkic |
Rus | Russian |
Skt | Sanskrit |
- ečigey brr! (exclamation of cold).
- ečis final, last, ending; ečis sorulga ultimate objective; ečizinge čedir- to carry through; ečizinde barïp in the end, finally, in the long run. [LM ečüs]
- ede again, re-; ede deri- to re-equip; ede kïl- to do over again, to redo; ede organizasta- to reorganise; ede turgus- to reconstruct; ede turguzuuškun reconstruction; cf. et-.
- edek [ehdek] hem, flap, skirt; border, foot of a mountain; border, edge of a wood. [<CT *etek]
- edekte- to carry in the panel or skirts of clothing; to walk past the foot of a mountain. [<CT *etekte-]
- eder- to follow, to go after. [<CT *eder-]
- eder-xaaržak accordion.
- eder-xaaržakta- to play the accordion.
- ederinči fellow-traveler; postposition.
- ederiš- to become friends; to go together; (of animals) to obey.
- edert- to lead. [<CT *edert-]
- edig repair; recovery. [<CT *e:tig]
- edilekči owner, possessor; speaker of a language.
- edilel owning, possession, ownership, property; manufactured article; daštan kïlgan edilelder articles manufactured from stone. [LM edlel]
- edir epiploon; sebaceous membrane; edir buluttar fleecy clouds.
- edir- to allow the calf to approach the cow, in order to cause the cow to give more milk.
- edirek cf. ödürek duck.
- ee host, lord, owner, master, boss. [<CT *idi ~ *ige]
- eedere- to grow stupid, foolish, to become muddle-headed, half-witted; to get confused, bewildered. [LM egedeyire-]
- eederet- to confuse, to bewilder.
- eedergey stupid, foolish, muddle-headed, half-witted.
- eedergeyzimzeer dull, not very bright, silly.
- eegi rib. [<CT *eyekü]
- eek- (eeger) to bent, to bow, to kneel, to stoop.
- eel- (eglir) to be bent, curved; cf. eŋme-. [<CT *egil-]
- eelčeg turn, rank, order, sequence, shift; meeŋ eelčeem keldi it is my turn; xünnüŋ eelčeende ?in the next days; ertengi eelčeg morning shift; kežeeki eelčeg night shift. [LM egelĵiye(n)]
- eelčeglig regular, ordered, routine.
- eelčeštir- to proceed in order.
- eeldek pliant, supple, polite, pleasant; eeldeg čaŋnïg kiži a pleasant person. [LM eyeldeg]
- eele- to occupy; to keep house, to manage a household; olut eele- to occupy a seat; poziciyanï eele- to occupy a position; sözün eele- to keep one’s word.
- eelet- to let occupy, keep house, manage a household.
- een empty, uninhabited, deserted; ownerless; een čer an uninhabited place; een bažïŋ ownerless house. [<NE *e:n]
- een eht the muscle of the back.
- eenzirgey empty, uninhabited, deserted; eenzirgei xovular uninhabited steppes.
- eer arched (e.g of horns).
- eer- to bark; ït eerip tur the dog is barking. [<CT *he:r-]
- eer- to twist, to spin; xendir eer- to twist hemp. [<CT *egir-]
- eerbek arched, bow-shaped.
- eerem deep place, pool, slough; eerem deg dense and tall; eerem-ne many, a lot, teeming with; eerem deg oht-sigen dense and tall grass; xovuda čïlgï eerem-ne the steppe is teeming with horseherds.
- eeremčik (~ eeremčigey) spider; eeremčik duzaa cobweb. [<CT *ö:rümčik]
- eeren idol.
- eereš- to plead, to persuade, to persist, to beg. [cf. LM egere-]
- eergi barking often (of dogs); eergi ït husky (dog breed).
- eergiiš mountain ash, rowan-tree (Sorbus, Pomaceae); cf. xöörüüs.
- eergiiš spindle, axle, shank.
- eergiiš whirlpool, maelstrom; cf. boralgak.
- eeriil screw; bolt. [LM egeregül spindle]
- eeš female bear. [<NE *egeš]
- eetpek arched, bow-shaped; gulf.
- eežegey cottage cheese (made from sour milk). [LM egezegei]
- eežek heel (of a foot or shoe).
- eežok un-owned, ownerless, no man’s.
- eg- (eer) to turn, to return, to go back; to bend, to bow, to make arched; oruk ara eg- to turn back halfway; komandirovkadan eep kelgen s/he returned from a business trip. [<CT *eg-]
- ege completely, totally, only.
- ege [ehge] beginning, start; headline; chapter; ööredilge čïlïnïŋ egezi the beginning of the study year; toolduŋ egezi the beginning of a tale; ege škola elementary school; ege klasstar elementary classes; ege xemčeg unit (of measuring); ege sös foreword, introduction. [LM eki(n)]
- ege- to file. [<CT *e:ke-]
- egee file (a tool).
- egeertinmes inexhaustible; rich in.
- egele- to begin, to start; öörenip egele- to start studying; bižip egele- to start writing. [LM ekile-]
- egen- to be timid, shy, confused, embarrassed.
- egenček shy, timid, diffident, bashful.
- egendir- to make timid, shy; to confuse, to embarras; to put to shame.
- egenig timidity, shyness; uneasiness.
- egeniičel shy, timid, diffident, bashful.
- egeniiškin timidity, shyness; uneasiness.
- egey ?fur coat.
- egiir: egiir šagdan long since, since olden times; egiir šagda forever, for good, in perpetuity; egiirede forever, forgood, in perpetuity. [LM egüri]
- egin shoulder; ekti his/her shoulder; egin söögü shoulder bone. [<CT *egin]
- eginne- to carry on the shoulders.
- egiš breathlessness, short breath.
- egit- to return, to give back.
- egle- to clean, to refine (grain from the chaff by beating the trough on the knees); cf elge-.
- eki (~ ekki) good, well; hello; eki bil- to know well; moon eki better than this; eki šïnarlïg of high quality; eki-le dize at best; eki tura voluntary; eki tura-bile voluntarily; eki turačï volunteer; ekizi körgen fortunate, lucky. eki, ešter! hello friends!
- eki-bak (~ eki-bagay) all sorts of, all kinds, any (lit. good-bad).
- eki-baktïg all sorts of, all kinds, any.
- ekidir well, as ought, properly; bižekti ekidir bize sharpen the knife properly.
- ekii hello; ekii šuptu! hello everybody!
- ekiirgek generous, liberal, hospitable; ekiirgek kiži hospitable person.
- ekiri- to get well, to recover; (of a wound) to skin over, to heal.
- ekiži- to become better, to improve.
- ekkel- (ekkeer) to bring along.
- el a steep slope.
- elbe- to be abundant, to abound in.
- elbeerge- to boast of one’s abundance, to consider oneself as having something in abundance; edinge elbeergeves one must not boast of of one’s possessions.
- elbek abundant, plentiful; elbee-bile abundantly. [LM elbeg]
- elbekši- to be abundant. [LM elbegsi-]
- elbekšil abundance. [LM elbegsil]
- elči ambassador, emissary, envoy. [<CT *elči]
- elčigen donkey. [LM elĵige(n)]
- eldep strange, unusual. [LM eldeb]
- ele so, indeed. [LM ele]
- ele- to become worn off, to wear out; dürgen ele- to wear out quickly. [LM ele-]
- eleečel wearing out quickly.
- eleen quite a lot; enough, sufficient(ly), rather, fairly; eleen ulug fairly big.
- eleer sober, abstinent. [LM elegür]
- elek not yet.
- eleŋne- to shake, to rock, to swing.
- elezin sand. [LM elesü(n)]
- elge- cf. egle- to sieve, to refine. [<CT *elge-]
- elgeeš sieve.
- elik doe of the roe deer. [<CT *elik]
- elzet- to recruit, to win over to one’s side. [cf. LM else-]
- em medicine. [CT *em, LM em]
- em- to suck (the breast). [<CT *em-]
- emči doctor. [CT *emči, LM emči]
- emdik not broken-in. [LM emleg, emneg, emnig]
- emegleš- (emigležer) to attack.
- emeyek great-grandfather, forfather.
- emge-seske order, neatness, tidiness. [LM emki čegče]
- emgežok very much; cf. eŋmežok.
- emig female breast; udder; emig urug baby. [<CT *emig]
- emigle- to help; to tackle.
- emigle- to swell (of the udder before a calf).
- emigleš- (emigležer) to help one another, to do something together; to tackle together.
- emin: emin erttir (~ emin ertir) too much, in excess, exaggerated; monu emin ertir tottur čip bolbas one cannot overeat oneself from this.
- emir- to break off.
- emiskik feeding-bottle for children; funnel, spout (e.g. of teapot).
- emne- to heal, to treat; aaraan kižini emne- to treat an ill person. [CT *emle-, LM emne-]
- emnelge medicine; hospital, clinic; uruglar emnelgezi children’s hospital; mal emnelgezi veterinary clinic.
- emnet- to undergo medical treatment; to get cured. [<CT *emlet-]
- emzir- to suckle.
- enček (felt) blanket.
- ene great-grandmother; nanny.
- ende- to mistake somebody for somebody else; to perish, to be lost, to die (suddenly); sugga ende- to drown; ahtka ende- to fall from one’s horse and die. [LM ende-]
- enik puppy. [<CT *enük]
- enikte- (of a dog) to give birth to puppies, cubs.
- enir not far; past; enir čïlïn last year.
- eŋ superlative particle: most, very; eŋ ulug largest; eŋ eki best; eŋ čaraš most beautiful; eŋ berge most difficult, hardest; eŋ baštay first, very first. [<CT *eŋ]
- eŋbek chronic disease. [<CT *emgek, LM emgeg]
- eŋdere much, a lot (only used with verbs); eŋdere nomču- to read much; eŋdere čïg- to gather much.
- eŋge-doŋga (~ eŋge-daŋga) ?a proper name.
- eŋgin female camel. [<CT *hingen]
- eŋgiske rouge; a wild beet. [LM enggeske]
- eŋmek curved, bent, concave; eŋmek körünčük concave mirror; eŋmek mïyïstïg with sharply bent, curved horns.
- eŋme- to be bent, curved; cf. eel-.
- eŋmežok cf. emgežok very much.
- ep agreement, harmony, friendship, peace. [LM eb]
- ep-nayïral friendship; buzulbas ep-nayïral unbreakable friendship.
- ep-setkil agreement; cohesion, union; ep-setkil kattïžïïškïnï solidarity.
- epčok unsuitable, inconvenient.
- epši (old) woman; cf. ešpi. [<CT *ebči]
- epteš- to reconcile with.
- eptig comfortable, handy, practical, friendly, harmonious.
- er man, male; er xey young man, youth; er xavan boar; er ödürek drake. [<CT *er]
- erben notch, jag, gap, indentation, hollow, groove.
- ere- to wish, to expect, to look for. [LM eri-]
- ereen-šokar multicoloured. [LM eriyen čoqor]
- erege rosary, beads. [LM erike(n)]
- eres bold, daring; eres er bold fellow, dare-devil; eres čoruk bravery, courage; cf. omak, orlan, šovaa.
- erge right, authority; ažïldaar erge the right to work; dïštanïr erge the right to have a break; soŋgulda ergezi voting right. [LM erke]
- erge comfort, soft life, delight, bliss. [<CT *erke]
- erge-ažïk interests. [cf. LM asig erke]
- erge-čagïrga power, authority.
- erge-kara dear one, beloved, sweetheart.
- ergek finger; thumb. [<CT *erŋek]
- ergekteeš touch-hole of a cross-bow.
- ergele- to know; to administer. [LM erkele-]
- ergelekči director, leader. [LM erkilegči]
- ergelet- to have administered.
- ergelet- to soften, to move, to have feelings of endearment.
- ergelig rightly, currently.
- ergežok: ergežok čugula necessary, indispensable.
- ergi previous, former, old. [<NE *erki]
- ergi- to go around, to go through, to circulate. [LM ergi-]
- ergii absent-minded. [LM ergigüü]
- ergilde turn, change, circulation. [LM ergilte]
- ergil- to turn around, to swing around, to make a circle; to revolve, to rotate.
- ergildir- to turn, to make turn.
- ergim dear, beloved, kind, esteemed; ergim ešter dear friends; ergim öŋnük beloved friend. [LM erkim]
- ergin threshold.
- eri- to thaw, to melt. [<CT *erü-]
- erig thawed, melted; erig xar melted snow. [<CT *erig]
- eriide- to torture; to beat. [cf. LM erigüle-]
- erik border, edge; xem erii river side, shore; ayak erii edge of a bowl. [LM ergi]
- erin lip; ernim my lip; üstüü erin upper lip; aldïï erin lower lip. [<CT *erin]
- erlik underworld; erlik oranï netherworld, hell. [LM erlig]
- ert- to go past, to walk past, to outrun, to overtake, to surpass. [<CT *ert-]
- erte early; ertenginiŋ ertezinde in the earliness of early times, long ago. [<CT *erte, LM erte(n)]
- erteži early rising.
- ertem science, knowledge, learning. [LM erdem]
- ertem-bilig education.
- ertem-šinčilel research.
- ertemden scholar; scientist. [LM erdemten]
- ertemnig learned, smart; scientific.
- erten early in the morning; tomorrow. [LM erte(n)]
- ertengi early; of an early time.
- ertik if only, would (particle expressing irrealis); sug xöy bolgan bolza, tarïlgaga eki bolgay ertik if there would have been more water, it would have been good for the grain.
- ertine jewel, treasure. [<CT *ertini, LM erdeni ←Skt ratna]
- ertip even if, although.
- erttir (~ ertir) through, across, passing; over, in excess (in combination with verbs); erttir udu- to oversleep; erttir xayïndïr- to overcook; erttir čugaalaš- to speak for a long time.
- erttir- to let pass, to let go of, to allow for, to permit; to be overtaken, surpassed; to pass, to spend (time, holidays); čazïg erttirbe don’t allow for mistakes; čaynï ködeege erttir- to spend the summer in the village. [<CT *ertür-]
- erttirilge pass, permission, permit.
- es- to take out, to take away, to take off; eht es- to take out the meat (from the cauldron).
- esker- to notice, observe.
- esket: esket čok imperceptibly, inconspicuously, suddenly.
- eskit scraps, ends.
- este- of the wind to rise.
- estengi placenta, afterbirth (of animals).
- estiičel easily dissolving, easily melting.
- eš friend. [<CT *eš]
- eš-öör friends.
- eš- to row; to rake. [<CT *eš-]
- eš- to twine.
- eškede- to hurry.
- eškenne- to scrape with the hoofs or paws; to shovel the earth.
- eškiiš (~ eški) oar; spoon.
- ešpi (old) woman; girl that is not very good; cf. epši.
- eštig having friends.
- et stuff, goods, possessions, things, household goods; tanned leather; caution (when wearing clothes). [<CT *ed, LM ed]
- eht meat; inek ehdi beef; xoy ehdi mutton; xavan ehdi pork; aht ehdi horse meat; dagaa ehdi chicken meat; buur ehdi elk meat; ivi ehdi deer meat; öškü ehdi goat meat; adïg ehdi bear meat; balïk ehdi fish meat; šišteen eht skewered meat; eht munu meat soup. [<CT *et]
- et- to order, to correct, to put in order; orun et- to make the bed; ede again, re-. [<CT *e:t-]
- et- (eder) of cattle to give milk.
- et- [eht-] of instruments to sound; of humans or animals to utter a sound; edigen mooing, bellowing; sös et- to utter a word; dömey et- to talk nonsense; aksïnga kelgen-ne čüve et- to say anything that comes up; boo edip tur a gun is sounding, a gunshot is audible;inek edip tur the cow is mooing; xoy edip tur the sheep is bleating; dagaa edip tur the chicken is cackling; eder deer bo! goodness gracious! [<NE *et-]
- et-sep various things, goods, belongings.
- eht-xan body, build.
- et-xereksel stock; inventory.
- et-xöreŋgi property, belongings. [LM ed köröngge]
- et-xöreŋgilig having property, wealthy.
- ehtkir fleshy.
- ette- to hit, to beat, to thrash; to dress, to curry (leather); to rob.
- ehtte- to eat meat.
- etteeškin beating.
- ehttig fleshy. [<CT *etlig]
- ettin- to get well, to recover; to repair, to mend; to be corrected; ooŋ balïğ xolu ettine bergen his wounded hand got well; xevin ettin- to mend one’s clothes; ooŋ tenek aažï-čaŋï ettine bergen his foolish behaviour was corrected.
- ettin- [ehttin-] (of a gun) to inadvertently fire; to blurt out, to let slip (a word); boo ettine bergen the gun inadvertently fired; sös ettine bergen s/he blurted out words; beš ettine boo a gun containing five charges.
- eveeš small, minor, a little, a bit.
- eveeže- to decrease, to dimisish, to decline, to become less.
- eveežet- to decrease, to reduce, to lessen.
- eveežettin- to decrease, to dimisish, to decline, to become less.
- eveežettinig minuend (in mathematics).
- evegen naked, nude, bald.
- eves it is not, not, not being; kïzïl eves (it is) not red; sen eves (it is) not you; ïndïg eves it is not so; uluğ eves imeniye an estate that is not big; Belek kelgen eves Belek did not come after all; bir eves if; monu kïlgan kiži Čïlbak eves pe? isn’t Čïlbak the person who has done this?; kiži kelgen eves pe barïp köreyn let me go see whether someone has come; kïm ažar eves, xürežiilem čee come on, let the two of us wrestle, and see who will win; kiži eves kiži nasty person, sly person. [<*emez <*ermez]
- evespe mind you, you know, don’t forget, isn’t it, right, so; komsomol xuralï bolur evespe there will be a meeting of the komsomol, you know; duun čanïp kelgen evespe s/he returned yesterday, you know.
- evilel league, union. [LM eblel]
- evileŋ polite, courteous, gentle.
- eze- to yawn.
- ezeergek aggressive, tyrannical; aggressor, tyrant; ezeergek yozu tyrany.
- ezeŋgi stirrup. [<NE *ezeŋgi]
- ezeŋgileeš metatarsus.
- ezer saddle; ezer bažï pommel; ezer söögü saddle tree. [<CT *eder]
- ezerte- to saddle. [<NT *ederte-]
- ezil- (estir) to melt, to become molten.
- ezim forest.
- ezir [ehzir] eagle. [<CT *esiri]
- eziri- to become or be drunk. [<CT *esür-]
- ezirik drunk. [<CT *esürük]
- ezirik kid, a small goat.
- ezirt- to make drunk. [<CT *esürt-]
- eže- to make a pair.
- ežele- to take up, to take over. [LM eĵele-]
- eželekči agressor, usurper. [LM eĵelegeči]
- ežen ruler, lord, sovereign. [LM eĵen]
- ežeš a pair, a couple.
- ežik door. [<CT *e:šik]
- ežikkey pal, buddy, friend.
- ežin- (eštir) to float, to swim; to take a bath.
- ežindiriiškin swimming, bathing.
- ežiškiler friends.