Lesson 4
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| Тыва Дыл Kичээллер | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lesson 0 | Lesson 1 | Lesson 2 | Lesson 3 | Lesson 4 |
Tyvan Lesson 4: More Questions - Тыва Дыл Дөрткү Kичээл
 by Stacey Borsody All rights reserved |
Contents |
Dialog - Чугаалажыр
| Кайда чурттап турар силер? | Kajda churttap turar siler? |
| Мен Сан Франсискода чурттап турар мен. | Men San Franciscoda churttap turar men. |
| Кайда ажылдап турарлар? | Kajda azhyldap turarlar? |
| Олар Кызылда ажылдап турарлар. | Olar Kyzylda azhyldap turarlar. |
| Чүү кылып тур бис? | Chüü kylyp tur bis? |
| Бис тыва дыл өөренип тур бис. | Bis tyva dyl öörenip tur bis. |
Vocabulary - Сөстер
Colors
| хүрең | ак-көк | ягаан-көк | ягаан |
| khüreŋ | ak-kök | jagaan-kök | jagaan |
Numbers 11-20
| 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | 20 |
| он бир | он ийи | он үш | он дөрт | он беш | он алды | он чеди | он сес | он тос | чээрби |
| on bir | on iji | on üsh | on dört | on besh | on aldy | on chedi | on ses | on tos | cheerbi |
Grammar - Дүрүмнери
Locative Case - Турарының Падежи
The locative case corresponds to
| Word | Ending | Result | Translation | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| For nouns that end in an unvoiced consonant (т п с ш к ч) | Front vowels | bizhik | -te | бижикте | on the paper |
| Back vowels | a't | -ta | аътта | at the horse | |
| For everything else | Front vowels | khem | -de | хемде | on the river |
| Back vowels | sadyg | -da | садыгда | at the store |
The locative case is also used with pronouns. It can be used to indicate possesion. (example needed)
| men | менде | mende | at me |
| sen | сенде | sende | at you |
| ol | ында | ynda | at him/her/it |
| bis | бисте | biste | at us |
| siler | силерде | silerde | at you |
| olar | оларда | olarda | at them |
Continuous/Habitual Present Tense
This basic present tense uses the auxilliary verb tur- (to stand) in combination with a converb. A converb is a verb that needs another verb to help it convey meaning. For first and second person men, bis, sen, and siler), tur- needs to be followed by the person/number indicator. For third person (ol and olar), the person/number indicator is not needed.
| Билир (bilir; to know, understand) | Subject | Converb | Verb | Person/Number Indicator | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Singular | 1st Person | Мен | билип | тур | мен |
| 2nd Person | Сен | билип | тур | сен | |
| 3rd Person | Ол | билип | тур | - | |
| Plural | 1st Person | Бис | билип | тур | бис |
| 2nd Person | Силер | билип | тур | силер | |
| 3rd Person | Олар | билип | тур(лар) | - |
Note: In plural third person, the use of turlar is optional. It can be used for clarification.
The converb
The converb is a verb that needs another auxilliary verb to help it form meaning. Speakers familiar with English will recognize the use of verbs like "shall, will, can" as auxilliary verbs followed by another verb (a converb). The idea in Tyvan is basically the same. The difference is that a converb requires the verb to be converted with "converb" suffixes.
Below are the suffixes used in the present tense converb. There are two suffixes, depending upon if the sentence is positive or negative.
Positive present tense converb suffix
For positive, take the verb stem and add a -p after any vowels. If the verb stem ends in a consonant, add -ip/-yp/-üp/-up according to vowel harmony rules. Typically the last two letters (ir, yr, er, ar) are dropped in order to find the verb stem, but not always! Note the consonant assimilation in the verb tut- (to hold).
| Verb | Verb Stem | /-Ip/ ending | Positive Converb | Translation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| bizhir (to write) | bizhi- | +p | бижип | writing |
| bilir (to know) | bil- | +ip | билип | knowing |
| kylyr (to do) | kyl- | +yp | кылып | doing |
| üner (to go out) | ün- | +üp | үнүп | going out |
| tudar (to hold) | tut- | +up | тудуп | holding |
Negative present tense converb suffix
For the negative form, it is a bit more complex.
| Verb Stem | /-BAyn/ ending | Negative Converb | Translation | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| For verb stems that end in a vowel vajn/vejn. | Front vowels | bizhi- (to write) | -vejn | биживейн | not writing |
| Back vowels | azhylda- (to work) | -vajn | ажылдавайн | not working | |
| For stems that end in a nasal (м н ң) majn/mejn. | Front vowels | ün- (to grow) | -mejn | үнмейн | not going out |
| Back vowels | doŋ- (to freeze) | -majn | доңмайн | not freezing | |
| For stems that end in a voiceless consonant (т п с ш к ч) pajn/pejn. | Front vowels | -pejn | |||
| Back vowels | tut- (to hold) | -pajn | тутпайн | not holding | |
| For stems that end in л, р, й, г, use bajn/bejn. | Front vowels | bil- (to know) | -bejn | билбейн | not knowing |
| Back vowels | bar- (to go) | -bajn | барбайн | not going |
In later lessons, it will be noticed that there are more endings in Tyvan for verbs that follow a similar pattern as the chart above.
Tur and Turar
Turar is used instead of tur for action that is continuous. It would be for an action that started in the past and is still going on or for an action that is constantly performed.
| Мен Сан Франсискода чурттап турар мен. | I live in San Francisco and am still living there. |
| Мен шай ижип тур мен. | I drink tea./I am drinking tea. |
| Мен шай ижип турар мен. | I regularly drink tea. |
