Suffix cheatsheet

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Contents

[edit] Archiphoneme Guide

[edit] Vowels

  • /A/ -> e, a
  • /I/ -> i, ü, y, u
  • /V/ -> any vowel

[edit] Consonants

  • /N/ -> n, t, d
  • /D/ -> t, d
  • /L/ -> l, n, d, t
  • /J/ or /Č/ -> ž, č
  • /G/ -> k, g
  • /K/ -> k, g, ğ
  • /B/ -> b, p, v, m
  • /Z/ -> s, z

[edit] Case

Name Archiphoneme Environment Vowel Harmony No Vowel Harmony Reference
Front Back
No Round Harmony Round Harmony No Round Harmony Round Harmony
Unround Round Unround Round
Genitive /-NIŋ/ After voiceless consonants t, p, s, š, k, č  -tiŋ-tüŋ -tyŋ-tuŋ A&H 2.1.1.4
After l  -diŋ-düŋ -dyŋ-duŋ A&H 2.1.1.4
After everything else  -niŋ-nüŋ -nyŋ-nuŋ A&H 2.1.1.4
Dative /-KA/ After voiceless consonants t, p, s, š, k, č -ke  -ka   A&H 2.1.1.4
After voiced consonants -ge  -ga   A&H 2.1.1.4
Accusative /-NI/ After voiceless consonants t, p, s, š, k, č  -ti-tü -ty-tu A&H 2.1.1.4
After l  -di-dü -dy-du A&H 2.1.1.4
After everything else  -ni-nü -ny-nu A&H 2.1.1.4
Locative /-DA/ After voiceless consonants t, p, s, š, k, č -te  -ta   A&H 2.1.1.4
After everything else -de  -da   A&H 2.1.1.4
Ablative /-DAn/ After voiceless consonants t, p, s, š, k, č -ten  -tan   A&H 2.1.1.4
After everything else -den  -dan   A&H 2.1.1.4
Directive I /-Je/ After voiced phonemes       -zheA&H 2.1.1.4
After unvoiced phonemes       -cheA&H 2.1.1.4
Directive II /-DIvA/ After voiceless consonants t, p, s, <š</, k, č  -tive-tüve -tyva-tuva A&H 2.1.1.4
After everything else  -dive-düve -dyva-duva A&H 2.1.1.4

[edit] Nouns

Name Archiphoneme Environment Vowel Harmony No Vowel Harmony Reference
Front Back
No Round Harmony Round Harmony No Round Harmony Round Harmony
Unround Round Unround Round
Plural /-LAr/ After a vowel or r, g, j -ler  -lar   A&H 2.1.1.1
After nasals n, m, ŋ -ner  -nar   A&H 2.1.1.1
After voiceless consonants t, p, s, š, k, č -ter  -tar   A&H 2.1.1.1
After l -der  -dar   A&H 2.1.1.1
First Person Singular Possessive /-(I)m/ After consonants  -im-üm -ym-um A&H 2.1.1.5
After vowels       -mA&H 2.1.1.5
Second Person Singular Possessive /-(I)ŋ/ After consonants  -iŋ-üŋ -yŋ-uŋ A&H 2.1.1.5
After vowels       -ŋA&H 2.1.1.5
Third Person Singular Possessive /-(z)I/ After consonants  -i-ü -y-u A&H 2.1.1.5
After vowels  -zi-zü -zy-zu A&H 2.1.1.5
First Person Plural Possesive /-IvIs/    -ivis-üvüs -yvys-uvus A&H 2.1.1.5
Second Person Plural Possesive /-IŋAr/   -ŋer  -ŋar   Krueger
   -eŋer-üŋer -yŋar-uŋar A&H 2.1.1.5
Third Person Plural Possessive /-(z)I/ After consonants  -i-ü -y-u A&H 2.1.1.5
After vowels  -zi-zü -zy-zu A&H 2.1.1.5
Ordinal Numbers (infrequent) /-GI/    -ki-kü -ky-ku A&H 2.1.3
   -gi-gü -gy-gu A&H 2.1.3
Collective Numbers /-AlAA(n)/   -eleen  -alaan   A&H 2.1.3
  -elee  -alaa   Krueger
Archaic Collective Number /-AldIrzI/    -eldirzi-eldürzü -aldyrzy-aldurzu A&H 2.1.3

[edit] Adjectives

Name Archiphoneme Environment Vowel Harmony No Vowel Harmony Reference
Front Back
No Round Harmony Round Harmony No Round Harmony Round Harmony
Unround Round Unround Round
Denoting Posession of the Noun or its Qualities /-LIg/ After a vowel or r, g, j  -lig-lüg -lyg-lug A&H 2.1.4
After nasals n, m, ŋ  -nig-nüg -nyg-nug A&H 2.1.4
After l  -dig-düg -dyg-dug A&H 2.1.4
After voiceless consonants t, p, s, š, k, č  -tig-tüg -tyg-tug A&H 2.1.4
  /-KI/    -ki-kü -ky-ku A&H 2.1.4
   -gi-gü -gy-gu A&H 2.1.4
Augmentative /-zImAAr/    -zimeer-zümeer -zymaar-zumaar A&H 2.1.4
Augmentative /-Il(dIr)/          A&H 2.1.4
Intensity Augmentative /-(Iŋ)kIr/    -kir-kür -kyr-kur A&H 2.1.4
   -iŋkir-üŋkür -yŋkyr-uŋkur A&H 2.1.4

[edit] Nominal Categorizers

Name Archiphoneme Environment Vowel Harmony No Vowel Harmony Reference
Front Back
No Round Harmony Round Harmony No Round Harmony Round Harmony
Unround Round Unround Round
  /-Ig/    -ig-üg -yg-ug  
  /-čI/    -chi-chü -chy-chu  
  /-KčI/    -kchi-kchü -kchy-kchu  
   -gchi-gchü -gchy-gchu  
  /-(I)IškIn/    -ishkin-üshkün -yshkyn-ushkun Krueger
   -iishkin-üüshkün -yyshkyn-uushkun A&H
  /-KI(I)š/    -kish, -kiish-küsh, -küüsh -kysh, -kyysh-kush, -kuush  
   -gish, -giish-güsh, -güüsh -gysh, -gyysh-gush, -guush  
  /-(I)m/    -im-üm -ym-um-m 
  /-čIn/    -chim-chüm -chym-chum  
  /-lgA/   -lge  -lga    
  /-mAl/   -mel  -mal    
   -imel-ümel -ymal-umal Krueger /-ImAl/
  /-ldA/ Krueger /-IldA/  -ilde-ülde -ylda-ulda Krueger /-IldA/
........ -lde  -lda    
  -l           
  /-čIgAš/    -chigesh-chügesh -chygash-chugash  
  /-čAk/   -chek  -chak    
  /-čIk/    -chik-chük -chyk-chuk  
  /-Ak/   -ek  -ak    
  /-BAy/ ........... -bej  -baj    
........ -mej  -maj    
........ -pej  -paj    
......... -vej  -vaj    

[edit] Verbs

Name Archiphoneme Environment Vowel Harmony No Vowel Harmony Reference
Front Back
No Round Harmony Round Harmony No Round Harmony Round Harmony
Unround Round Unround Round
First Person Singular /-(I)m/    -im-üm -ym-um-m 
Second Person Singular /-(I)ŋ/    -iŋ-üŋ -yŋ-uŋ-ŋ 
First Person Plural /-(I)vIs/ .......  -ivis-üvüs -yvys-uvus  
..........  -vis-vüs -vys-vus  
Second Person Plural /-(I)ŋAr/ ....... -ŋer  -ŋar    
.........  -iŋer-üŋer -yŋar-uŋar  
Third Person Plural /(-LAr)/ After a vowel or r, g, j -ler  -lar    
After nasals n, m, ŋ -ner  -nar    
After l -der  -dar    
After voiceless consonants t, p, s, š, k, č -ter  -tar    
Definite Past /-GAn/ ............ -ken  -kan    
After voiced consonants -gen  -gan    
Indefinite Past /-DI/ After voiceless consonants t, p, s, š, k, č  -ti-tü -ty-tu  
After everything else  -di-dü -dy-du  
Present-Future /-Vr/ After vowels       -r 
  /-Ir/    -ir-ür -yr-ur  
  /-Ar/   -er  -ar    
Converb /-Ip/    -ip-üp -yp-up&nsbp; 
Iterative Aspect /-KIlA/ After voiceless consonants t, p, s, š, k, č  -kile-küle -kyla-kula  
After voiced consonant stems  -gile-güle -gyla-gula  
Perfective Aspect /-IvIt/    -ivit-üvüt -yvyt-uvut  
Resultative (past rhetorical) Aspect /-ČIk/ After nasals, l, and unvoiced consonants  -chik-chük -chyk-chuk  
After sonants r, g, j  -zhik-zhük -zhyk-zhuk  
Unaccomplished Aspect /-GAlAk/ After voiced consonant stems -gelek  -galak   A&H
After voiceless consonants t, p, s, š, k, č -kelek  -kalak   A&H
After vowels? -eelek  -aalak   Krueger
Cessative Aspect /-BAstA-/ ........... -beste  -basta    
......... -meste  -masta    
........ -peste  -pasta    
........... -veste  -vasta    
Conditional Mood /-ZA/ .......... -se  -sa    
......... -ze  -za    
Concessive Mood -daa           
Conciliatory (Voluntative) Mood /-GAy/ After voiceless consonants t, p, s, š, k, č -kej  -kaj    
After voiced consonants -gej  -gaj    
Desiderative Mood /-ksA/   -kse  -ksa    
Evidential Mood /-DIr/ After voiceless consonants t, p, s, š, k, č  -tir-tür -tyr-tur  
After everything else  -dir-dür -dyr-dur  
Negation /-BA/   -pe  -pa    
  -be  -ba    
  -ve  -va    
  -me  -ma    
Present-Future Negation /-BAs/   -bes  -bas    
  -mes  -mas    
  -pes  -pas    
  -ves  -vas    
Negative Converb /-BAyn/   -pejn  -pajn    
  -mejn  -majn    
  -bejn  -bajn    
  -vejn  -vajn    

[edit] Verbal Categorizers

Name Archiphoneme Environment Vowel Harmony No Vowel Harmony Reference
Front Back
No Round Harmony Round Harmony No Round Harmony Round Harmony
Unround Round Unround Round
  /-LA/ After a vowel or r, g, j -le  -la    
After nasals n, m, ŋ -ne  -na    
After l -de  -da    
After voiceless consonants t, p, s, š, k, č -te  -ta    
  /-A/   -e  -a    
  /-IrgA/    -irge-ürge -yrga-urga  
  /-ZIrA/    -sire-süre -syra-sura  
   -zire-züre -zyra-zura  
  /-Ar/   -er  -ar    
  /-rA/   -re  -ra    
  /-Gar/         -kar 
        -gar 
  /-sI/    -si-sü -sy-su  
  /-šI/    -shi-shü -shy-shu  
  /-čI/    -chi-chü -chy-chu  
  /-ksA/   -kse  -ksa    
  -t           
  /-DIrt/ After voiceless consonants t, p, s, š, k, č  -tirt-türt -tyrt-turt  
After everything else  -dirt-dürt -dyrt-durt  
  /-GIs/    -kis-küs -kys-kus  
   -gis-güs -gys-gus  
Reciprocal Action /-Iš/    -ish-üsh -ysh-ush  

[edit] Verbal Modifiers

Name Archiphoneme Environment Vowel Harmony No Vowel Harmony Reference
Front Back
No Round Harmony Round Harmony No Round Harmony Round Harmony
Unround Round Unround Round
Converb /-(I)p/    -ip-üp -yp-up-p 
  /-A/   -e  -a    
  /-y/         -y 
Past Converb /-GAš/   -kesh  -kash    
  -gesh  -gash    
"Since" Converb /-GAlA/ After voiceless consonants t, p, s, š, k, č -kele  -kala    
After voiced consonants -gele  -gala    
Durative Converb /-BIšaan/    -pishaan-püshaan -pyshaan-pushaan  
   -bishaan-büshaan -byshaan-bushaan  
   -vishaan-vüshaan -vyshaan-vushaan  
   -mishaan-müshaan -myshaan-mushaan  

[edit] Clitics, Particles, etc.

Name Archiphoneme Environment Vowel Harmony No Vowel Harmony Reference
Front Back
No Round Harmony Round Harmony No Round Harmony Round Harmony
Unround Round Unround Round
Emphatic Marker /+LA/ After a vowel or r, g, j -le  -la    
After nasals n, m, ŋ -ne  -na    
After l -de  -da    
After voiceless consonants t, p, s, š, k, č -te  -ta    
Equative Marker /-LA/ After a vowel or r, g, j -le  -la    
After nasals n, m, ŋ -ne  -na    
After l -de  -da    
After voiceless consonants t, p, s, š, k, č -te  -ta    
Emphatic Focus Marker =daa           
Instrumentive Marker =bile           
Interrogative & Deictic Particle /-(I)l/    -il-ül -yl-ul-l 
Assertive or Evidential or Copula /-DIr/ After voiceless consonants t, p, s, š, k, č  -tir-tür -tyr-tur  
After everything else  -dir-dür -dyr-dur  
Interrogative Particle be           
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